![]() The game is perfect information (one can easily analyze what step should be taken so that opponent can’t win) and zero-sum (mathematical representation of a situation in which each participant’s gain or loss of utility is exactly balanced by the losses or gain) game. The player who succeeds first to claim three squares on a single row, column or diagonal wins the game.Īs far as the games go, we need to think about how to solve the Tic-Tac-Toe game from the given current state of the grid. It is a two-player game where the players take alternative turns on a 3x3 grid. It is a 3x3 grid-based game also known as X’s and O’sor noughts and crosses. What’s Next… Tic-Tac-Toe using Alpha Beta Pruning Search Algorithm?īefore jumping to the minimax algorithm, first understand the Tic-Tac-Toe Game.Typical statistics after two intermediate players play many games. This stategy is very poor and almost never wins.Ī reactionary player will block an opponent's win. The novice simply places its mark in any empty square. Set one player to Novice and the other to human and observe how easy it is to beat the novice. OĮverybody can beat the "Novice" player virtually every game. A player that moves randomly will not see that an opponent should be blocked. However, a human can compensate with experience and reasoning. So how can a human become unbeatable in Tic-Tac-Toe? A human doesn't even have time to play out one hundred games in the mind and still make a move in a reasonable amount of time. Suffice to say that computers win through brute force. The Tic-Tac-Toe is symetrical and if the computer can realize that many games are the same because it could rotate the board, there are even fewer games than that. There are only 125,168 games of Tic-Tac-Toe because somebody wins most of them before all off the squares have been filled. In reality, it has to play far fewer games than that. A computer can breeze though 400,000 games in a blink of an eye. That means there are at most nine factorial or 362,880 possible games. The first move can be played in any of nine squares, the second in any of eight squares, the third in any of seven squares and so on. The computer can do this because there are not a lot of possible games. The computer does this by playing out every single game of Tic-Tac-Toe ahead of time and figuring out which moves are good and which are bad. Neither of the computer players can be beaten because they are playing as well as game can be played. Verify that the result of each game is a tie (cat's game). On the Tic-Tac-Toe game board that you have opened in a new window, choose the "Expert" type for each player and hit "New Game". Experimental win statistics after 1000 games for each matching Pitting these players against each other, you can see that in all cases, the better player wins more. The Experienced player knows that playing in certain first squares will lose the game.The Intermediate player will blocks their opponent from winning.There are four player types in Tic-Tac-Toe. Knowing this, you can become a Tic-Tac-Toe master.īefore getting started, open a Tic-Tac-Toe playing board in a new browser window so that you can experiment while you read this article. Yes there are some people (and computers) that you will never beat, but they are relatively rare. Surpisingly few people know optimal Tic-Tac-Toe stategy. If both players are playing with an optimal strategy, every game will end in a tie. If your opponent knows what they are doing, you can't win at Tic-Tac-Toe. If you know what you are doing, you can't lose at Tic-Tac-Toe.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |